Maimai’s Pathology Weekly Reading Notes Issue 9 | Immunohistochemical Markers for Oral Tumors and Salivary Gland Tumors

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6 2 月, 2026

On 6 2 月, 2026

Preface:

When it comes to the types of oral and salivary gland tumors, there are many confusing and hard-to-remember termsthat always come rushing in, quitegiving a feeling of being tangled and hard to sort out. To facilitate memory, this issue’s content will summarize and organizeOral andSalivary Gland Tumors’immunohistochemical markers, hoping to be helpful for the daily work of pathology teachers.

Immunohistochemical Markers for Oral Tumors

Oral tumor types are complex, but except for a few specific tumor types, most significantly overlap with corresponding tumors from other sites, such as soft tissue tumors in this area which can be referred to in the soft tissue section. The immunohistochemical characteristics of some common oral tumor types are detailed in Table 1.

Table 1. Summary of Immunohistochemical Markers for Some Oral Tumors

(Click to view larger image)

Immunohistochemical Markers for Salivary Gland Tumors

Like oral tumors, salivary gland tumors also include many histological types, and there are significant differences in immunohistochemical marker results between specific tumor types, as detailed in Table 2.

Table 2. Summary of Immunohistochemical Markers for Common Salivary Gland Tumors

(Click to view larger image)

Note:

If the antibody clone used is MIB-1, atypical cell membrane and cytoplasmic staining may occur;
Carcinoma with t(12;15)(p13;q25) translocation.

Detailed Explanation of Individual Immunohistochemical Markers for Salivary Gland Tumors

The salivary gland is composed of luminal cells (including ductal cells and acinar cells) and myoepithelial cells. Therefore, different cell compositions in the salivary gland unit and the different tumor types arising from these cells can express different CKs. High molecular weight CKs (such as CK5, CK10, CK14) can mark myoepithelial and basal cells, and p63, actin, myosin, etc., can also be used to mark these cells. Recent studies have also shown that SOX10 can mark myoepithelial cells. CK7 can mark acinar cells and ductal cells.

Figure 1. CK expression in different cells of adenoid cystic carcinoma: left side shows CK7, positive in ductal luminal cells; right side shows p63, positive only in basal cells.

DOG-1

DOG-1 is a transmembrane chloride channel protein highly expressed in gastrointestinal Cajal cells and gastrointestinal stromal tumors derived from these cells, and also expressed at the apex of normal serous and mucous acinar cells in salivary glands and pancreas. Therefore, DOG-1 can be used for the diagnosis of salivary gland acinic cell carcinoma. This marker can also be expressed in some polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas, and epithelial-myoepithelial carcinomas.

Figure 2. DOG-1 expression on the apical surface of parotid gland acinar cells.

α-Amylase

α-Amylase catalyzes the cleavage of larger sugar molecules into oligosaccharides, and this enzyme is synthesized in acinar cells of salivary glands and pancreas. In immunohistochemical detection, amylase antibodies can be used as specific markers for salivary gland and pancreatic acinar cell carcinomas, while other types of salivary gland tumors are generally negative.

Maimai:”DOG1 is a calcium-regulated chloride channel protein encoded by the TMEM16A gene located on chromosome 11q13. It is selectively expressed in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Compared to CD117, DOG1 is a more sensitive and specific marker for GIST, regardless of whether the GIST has a C-kit gene mutation or a PDGFR-α gene mutation.”

Antibody Name	Clone Number	Positive Control	Positive Location
^DOG1*	MX067	Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor	Cell Membrane/Cytoplasm
DOG1	SP31	Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor	Cell Membrane/Cytoplasm

*Marked as Maxim clone product

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